Treasury of Painting and Calligraphy includes paintings, works of calligraphy and historical maps of Iran. This treasury is one of the oldest treasuries of the Cultural Institute of Museums at the Foundation, with over 4,000 works. It houses a wide variety of Iranian calligraphy, Iranian paintings, historical maps and exquisite works by non-Iranian artists.

The various paintings that form the major works of this treasury can be placed in two broad categories: works by Iranian artists and works by non-Iranian artists. Among the Iranian works, there are various types and styles of Iranian paintings, such as coffee house paintings, Moarragh paintings, miniatures, and other works influenced by Western styles. The oldest of these works belongs to the 17th century AD.

From a historical point of view, the Iranian set of works can be divided into works from the pre-Qajar period and works from the post-Qajar era. The pre-Qajar works are specifically from the Safavid era though they appear in a scattered manner. These are paintings in various fields such as miniatures, portraits, landscapes, etc. There are also works by contemporary artists representing an important period in the history of Iranian painting. Paintings by famous Iranian artists such as Mosaver-al-mamalek, Moein Mosaver, Mirza Agha Emami, Hossein Khataei, Mohammad Modaber, Hossein Qollar-Aghasi, Mohammad Ghaffari known as Kamal-ol-molk, Hossein Behzad, Manouchehr Niazi, Mahmoud Farshchian, Hossein Zandehroudi, Sohrab Sepehri, Sadegh Tabrizi and Reza Mafi are the significant works of this treasury.

In the works of non-Iranian artists, Notable works in this category include paintings by artists such as Van Schendel, Hans Dahl, Williams Leader, Zommer, and lithographic works by Picasso, Chagall, Matisse, Adami, etc.

It is worth mentioning that the collection of decrees, documents, inscriptions and calligraphy works are some other valuable and unique works of this treasury that have given it special value and prestige. An inscription by Sultan Ali Mashhadi, known as "Sultan al-Khatatin", one of the most famous Iranian calligraphers of the 15^th and 16^th centuries as well as some works by Mir Emad, Alaeddin Tabrizi and Ahmad Nirizi are some outstanding works of this collection.